Praktik ijon dalam komoditas pertanian: Analisis dan solusi berdasarkan perspektif fikih muamalah

Abstract

This study aims to identify and analyze the practice of ijon in the agricultural sector and to formulate alternative solutions from of fiqh muamalah perspective. The practice of ijon persists in agrarian communities due to limited access to capital, economic pressures, and farmers' lack of access to formal financial institutions. This research employs a qualitative case study method to gain an in-depth understanding of the ijon phenomenon in rural communities. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. The research informants consisted of farmers, middlemen, religious leaders, agricultural extension officers, and village officials selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The findings reveal that the practice of ijon is shaped by interconnected economic, social, and cultural factors. Limited business capital and the necessity to fulfill daily living needs are the primary reasons farmers engage in ijon transactions. In addition, the patron-client relationship between farmers and middlemen reinforces the continuity of this practice. The study also identifies the presence of elements of gharar in ijon transactions, characterized by uncertainty regarding prices, quality, and the quantity of harvest yields at the time the contract is agreed upon. Farmers’ limited understanding of sharia-based transaction mechanisms has contributed to the persistence of traditional ijon practices. Furthermore, the study indicates that the salam contract has the potential to serve as an alternative agricultural transaction model that is more consistent with the principles of fiqh muamalah, as it provides contractual certainty and legal protection for the parties involved. This research contributes to the development of fiqh muamalah studies in the agricultural sector while also offering practical implications for strengthening sharia-based agricultural financing systems. Future research is expected to further examine the implementation of sharia contracts in the agricultural sector with broader regional coverage and more diverse methodological approaches.